4.11: Earth's Minerals and Rocks- Challenge 2

1. A metamorphic rock forms from other rocks that are exposed to increased ___ and ___.

temperature; pressure.

2. When describing the texture of a rock or mineral, which features should be examined?

Size, shape, and the arrangement of mineral grains

3. Two different rocks must always differ in their ___.

composition and/or texture

4. Changes in ___ and ___ result in the formation of metamorphic rocks.

temperature; pressure

5. Sedimentary rocks are made up of ___.

pieces of other rocks that have cemented together

6. Which type of rock often contains fossils?

Sedimentary

7. Although both these types of igneous rock cool from magma, the composition of ___ rock is higher in iron and magnesium, while that of ___ rock is higher in aluminum, sodium, and silica.

mafic; felsic

8. ___ indicates the temperature at which minerals melt or crystallize.

Bowen's Reaction Series

9. Different ___ have different compositions and contain whichever elements and gases that were in the rocks that melted.

magmas

10. If a rock has many holes from gas bubbles, it is ___.

a vesicular rock

11. Large mountain ranges consisting of intrusive igneous rocks form when ___.

magma cools deep in the crust and then the resulting plutons are uplifted

12. Extrusive igneous rocks are also called ___ rocks.

volcanic

13. Which type of igneous rock is light in color?

Felsic

14. Which type of igneous rock is dark in color?

Mafic

15. ___ have very low silica content but high iron and magnesium content.

Ultramafic