Back Matter
- Page ID
- 440
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Glossary
UNIT 1
divine right – the monarchy’s belief that their power was given to them by the authority of god
limited government – to ensure freedoms of the citizens, policy restricts the power of governmental officials
constitution – document stating the major principles and structures of our government
UNIT 2
rule of law –concept that individuals, including political leaders, must adhere to laws
amendment – to modify or add, specifically referring to an addition to the U.S. Constitution
double-jeopardy – does not allow an individual to be tried twice for the same criminal episode
self-incrimination – giving information about oneself that is likely to implicate oneself in a crime
federalism – a national centralized government and a collection of smaller state governments share power between them
popular sovereignty – power given to the individuals
checks and balances – a system in which limits are placed on functions of government so no one part becomes too powerful
separation of powers – the division of power between the branches of government. Done to guarantee that power does not rest with just one branch
republicanism – government in which representatives are chosen as leader
UNIT 3
unitary system – power and authority is centralized in one political body
confederation – a system in which a variety of countries, people, or groups merge as an alliance
parliamentary system – political system in which a single legislative body, known as parliament, makes and carries out the laws
legislative – law making branch of government
executive – administration of the laws branch of government
judicial system – administration of justice through the court
UNIT 4
Congress – legislative body of the United States
bureaucracy – the non-elective governmental bodies that manage operations of the government
judicial review – power of the courts to examine the constitutionality of laws
jurisdiction – authority the court has over particular cases or territories
bicameral - two houses or chambers in a legislative body
due process – the application of the law and legal principles for all citizens ensuring fair treatment
UNIT 5
policy – actions or procedures approved by the government
revenue – income raised by the government
expenditure – costs acquired by the government
regulations – rules and standards set by the government
fiscal policy – government procedures that apply to spending and collection of revenue
monetary policy – government procedures that relate to the money supply
foreign aid – financial aid given to other countries
UNIT 6
apportionment – a procedure for determining the number of representatives in the U.S. House of Representatives based on state’s population
census – a count of the population conducted every ten years
judicial activism – practice of issuing judicial rulings that affect national policies
judicial restraint – practice of avoiding making judicial rulings related to social or political issues
lobbying – process of working to influence the decisions of political leaders
gerrymandering – the process of creating political districts that gives one political party a majority in a territory