23.13: The Milky Way
- Page ID
- 6256
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Have you seen the Milky Way?
There is so much light pollution in most cities that many people have never seen the Milky Way. On a clear night away from lights, the view is of a bright white river of stars. You don't need a telescope or even binoculars to see it. The view of the Milky Way is so bright because you're looking at the stars in your own galaxy.
The Milky Way Galaxy
The Milky Way Galaxy is our galaxy. Home, sweet home. The Milky Way is made of millions of stars along with a lot of gas and dust. It looks different from other galaxies because we are looking at the main disk from within the galaxy. Astronomers estimate that the Milky Way contains 200 billion to 400 billion stars.
Shape and Size
It is difficult to know what the shape of the Milky Way Galaxy is because we are inside of it. Astronomers have identified it as a typical spiral galaxy containing about 100 billion to 400 billion stars (Figure below).
An artist’s rendition of what astronomers think the Milky Way Galaxy would look like seen from above. The sun is located approximately where the arrow points.
Like other spiral galaxies, our galaxy has a disk, a central bulge, and spiral arms. The disk is about 100,000 light-years across and 3,000 light-years thick. Most of the Galaxy’s gas, dust, young stars, and open clusters are in the disk.
The Milky Way Galaxy is a big place. If our solar system were the size of your fist, the Galaxy’s disk would still be wider than the entire United States!
Where Are We?
Our solar system, including the Sun, Earth, and all the other planets, is within one of the spiral arms in the disk of the Milky Way Galaxy. Most of the stars we see in the sky are also in this spiral arm. We are about 26,000 light-years from the center of the galaxy. We are a little more than halfway out from the center of the galaxy to the edge.
Just as Earth orbits the Sun, the solar system orbits the center of the galaxy. Astronomers have recently discovered that at the center of the Milky Way and most other galaxies, is a supermassive black hole.
Summary
- From inside, the Milky Way Galaxy looks like a river of stars.
- From outside the galaxy, the Milky Way would appear as a spiral.
- Our solar system is midway out a spiral arm of the Milky Way.
Review
- Why do astronomers think that the Milky Way is a spiral galaxy?
- Where is Earth in the Milky Way Galaxy?
- What is at the center of the Milky Way Galaxy?
References
Image | Reference | Attributions |
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[Figure 1] |
Credit: Courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt (SSC);Courtesy of NASA, ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) Source: www.spitzer.caltech.edu/images/2351-sig05-010-Milky-Way-Bar-annotated- ; commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Irregular_galaxy_NGC_1427A_%28captured_by_the_Hubble_Space_Telescope%29.jpg License: Public Domain |
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[Figure 2] |
Credit: Courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt (SSC);Courtesy of NASA, ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) Source: www.spitzer.caltech.edu/images/2351-sig05-010-Milky-Way-Bar-annotated- ; commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Irregular_galaxy_NGC_1427A_%28captured_by_the_Hubble_Space_Telescope%29.jpg License: Public Domain |