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10.2: Animal Classification

Last updated

Aug 11, 2023
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- 10.1: Animals
- 10.3: Animal Behavior Evolution

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f-d_57d18af1f0c55ce65850d03c1ccec1b23f48d3c954116bc6e2191701+IMAGE_TINY+IMAGE_TINY.jpg

Plant or animal?

Animal. What type? Now that is a good question. This azure vase sponge is an animal, but how is it classified? It is estimated that there are easily over a million species of animals on Earth. How are all these species divided into their various classifications?

Classification of Animals

All animals share basic traits. But animals also show a lot of diversity. They range from simple sponges to complex humans.

Major Animal Phyla

Members of the animal kingdom are divided into more than 30 phyla. Table below lists the nine phyla with the greatest number of species. Each of the animal phyla listed in the table has at least 10,000 species.

	Phylum	Animals It Includes
	Porifera	sponges
	Cnidaria	jellyfish, corals
	Platyhelminthes	flatworms, tapeworms, flukes
	Nematoda	roundworms
	Mollusca	snails, clams, squids
	Annelida	earthworms, leeches, marine worms
	Arthropoda	insects, spiders, crustaceans, centipedes
	Echinodermata	sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers
	Chordata	tunicates, lancelets, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

Invertebrate vs. Vertebrate

The first eight phyla listed in Table above include only invertebrate animals. Invertebrates are animals that lack a vertebral column, or backbone. The last phylum in the table, the Chordata, also includes many invertebrate species. Tunicates and lancelets are both invertebrates. Altogether, invertebrates make up at least 95 percent of all animal species. The remaining animals are vertebrates. Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone. All vertebrates belong to the phylum Chordata. They include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

Summary

Vertebrates have a backbone, but invertebrates do not.
Except for the chordates, all animal phyla consist only of invertebrates.
Chordates include both vertebrates and invertebrates.

Review

State how the phylum Chordata differs from other animal phyla.
Compare and contrast invertebrates and vertebrates.

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