2.9: The Consonant Sound [j]
- Page ID
- 7058
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Three different ways of spelling [j] are <g>, <j>, and <dg>.
Examples
You can hear the sound [j] at the beginning and end of judge.
Review
- Underline the letters that spell [j] in these words. Sometimes [j] is spelled <j>, sometimes <g>, sometimes <dg>. Be careful: One word has the sound [j] spelled two different ways.
\begin{align*} &\text{pager} && \text{magic} && \text{general} && \text{gym}\\ &\text{enjoy} && \text{joined} && \text{bridge} && \text{danger}\\ &\text{orange} &&\text{language} && \text{judge} && \text{huge}\end{align*} - Use the twelve words above to answer the following questions.
Spelling #1: [j] is spelled _______ eight times;
Spelling #2: [j] is spelled _______ three times;
Spelling #3: [j] is spelled _______ twice. - Sort the twelve words into these three groups.
Words with ... Spelling #1 Spelling #1 Spelling #2 Spelling #3 - Three ways to spell [j] are _______, _______, and _______.
- Show Answer
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- \begin{align*} & pa \underline{g}er && ma \underline{g}ic && general && \underline{g}ym \\ & en \underline{j}oy && \underline{j}oined && brid \underline{g}e && dan \underline{g}er \\ & oran \underline{g}e && langua \underline{g}e && \underline{j}ud \underline{g}e && hu \underline{g}e \end{align*}
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In these twelve words:
Spelling #1: [j] is spelled <g> eight times;
Spelling #2: [j] is spelled <j> three times;
Spelling #3: [j] is spelled <dg> twice. -
Words with ... Spelling #1 Spelling #1 Spelling #2 Spelling #3 large general enjoy bridge orange gym joined judge magic danger judge language huge - Three ways to spell [j] are <g>, <j>, and <dg>.
Explore More
The following is a review of other consonant sounds.
- Underline the letters that spell [p, b, t, d] in the following words.
\begin{align*} &\text{fatter} && \text{hardest} && \text{kinder} && \text{numbers}\\ &\text{opening} && \text{water} && \text{system} && \text{spotter}\\ &\text{started} &&\text{simple} && \text{country} && \text{zipper}\\ &\text{stopping} &&\text{ribbon} && \text{bubble} && \text{suddenly}\\ &\text{middle} && \text{beginner} && \text{around} && \text{children}\end{align*}
- Now sort the words into these groups. Be careful! Some words go into more than one group.
Words with ... [p] [b] [t] [d] - Two ways to spell [p] are _______ and _______, and two ways to spell [b] are _______ and _______.
- Two ways to spell [t] are _______ and _______, and two ways to spell [d] are _______ and _______.
- Show Answer
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- \begin{align*} & fa\underline{tt}er && har\underline{d}es\underline{t} && kin\underline{d}er && num\underline{b}ers \\ & o\underline{p}ening && water && sys\underline{t}em && spo\underline{tt}er \\ & s\underline{t}ar\underline{t}e\underline{d} && sim\underline{p}le && coun\underline{t}ry && zi\underline{pp}er \\ & s\underline{t}o\underline{pp}ing && ri\underline{bb}on && \underline{b}u\underline{bb}le && su\underline{dd}enly \\ & mi\underline{dd}le && \underline{b}eginner && aroun\underline{d} && chil\underline{d}ren \end{align*}
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Words with ... [p] [b] [t] [d] opening ribbon fatter started stopping beginner started middle simple bubble stopping hardest spotter numbers hardest kinder zipper water around system suddenly country children spotter - Two ways to spell [p] are <p> and <pp>, and two ways to spell [b] are <b> and <bb>.
- Two ways to spell [t] are <t> and <tt>, and two ways to spell [d] are <d> and <dd>.
Spelling [j]
The <g> and <dg> spellings of [j] follow the normal pattern for soft <g>. They are always followed by either <e>, <i>, or <y>.
The <dg> spelling is like a double soft <g>. It always has a short vowel in front of it, just as the VCC pattern calls for.
Examples
The sound [j] is spelled <j> in the following words: object, justify, and judge
The sound [j] is spelled <g> in the following words: package, energy, and gym
The sound [j] is spelled <dg> in the following words: acknowledgment, budget, and judge
The sound [j] is spelled <dj> in the following words: adjective and adjustment
Review
- You can hear the sound [j] at the beginning and end of the word judge. Underline the letters that spell [j]. Don't include any silent final <e>s in your underlining. You should find four different spellings.
\begin{align*} &\text{object} && \text{juicy} && \text{judgment} && \text{adjust}\\ &\text{acknowledge} && \text{majestic} && \text{pajamas} && \text{justify}\\ &\text{budget} &&\text{courageous} && \text{hygiene} && \text{energy}\\ &\text{gymnasium} &&\text{grudge} && \text{dejected} && \text{prejudice}\\ &\text{majesty} &&\text{gadget} && \text{oxygen} && \text{digestion}\\ &\text{wreckage} &&\text{adjective} && \text{journalist} && \text{messenger}\end{align*}
- Sort the above words into these four groups.
Words in which [j] is spelled ... <j> <g> <dg> <dj> - Look at the words in which [j] is spelled either <g> or <dg>. Sort them into the following three groups.
Words in which the <g> or <dg> is followed by ... an <e> an <i> a <y> - When there is a long vowel right in front of the [j], how is the [j] spelled, <g> or <dg>? _______. When there is a short vowel right in front of the [j], how is the [j] spelled, <g> or <dg>? _______. When the [j] is spelled <g>, which letters always follow the <g>?_______, _______, or _______. Does the spelling <j> usually come at the front, in the middle, or at the end of an element? __________. Does <dg> ever come at the front of a word? _______.
- The <dj> spelling of [j] is very rare. Find the two words from the list above in which [j] is spelled <dj>. Analyze them into prefix plus stem to show where the <dj> comes from.
- Four ways of spelling [j] are _______, _______, _______, and _______.
- Show Answer
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- \begin{align*} & ob\underline{j}ect && \underline{j}uicy && \underline{j}u\underline{dg}ment && a\underline{dj}ust \\ & acknowle\underline{dg}e && ma\underline{j}estic && pa\underline{j}amas && \underline{j}ustify \\ & bu\underline{dg}et && coura\underline{g}eous && hy\underline{g}iene && ener\underline{g}y \\ & \underline{g}ymnasium && gru\underline{dg}e && de\underline{j}ected && pre\underline{j}udice \\ & ma\underline{j}estic && ga\underline{dg}et && oxy\underline{g}en && di\underline{g}estion \\ & wrecka\underline{g}e && a\underline{dj}ective && \underline{j}ournalist && messen\underline{g}er \end{align*}
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Words in which [j] is spelled ... <j> <g> <dg> <dj> object pajamas gymnasium energy acknowledge adjective majesty dejected wreckage digestion budget adjust juicy journalist courageous messenger grudge majestic justify hygiene gadget judgment prejudice oxygen judgment -
Words in which the <g> or <dg> is followed by ... an <e> an <i> a <y> acknowledge judgment hygiene gymnasium budget oxygen grudging energy wreckage digestion courageous messenger gadget -
When there is a long vowel right in front of the [j], how is the [j] spelled, <g> or <dg>? <g>. When there is a short vowel right in front of the [j], how is the [j] spelled, <g> or <dg>? <dg>. When the [j] is spelled <g>, which letters always follow the <g>? <e>, <i>, or <y> . Does the spelling <j> usually come at the front, in the middle, or at the end of an element? At the front. Does <dg> ever come at the front of a word? No.
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Word with [j] spelled <dj> Analysis: Prefix + stem adjective ad + jective adjust ad + just -
Four ways of spelling [j] are <j>, <g>, <dg>, and <dj>.
[j] Spelled <d>
Another way of spelling [j], that is <d>, is due to the same kind of palatalization that we encounter in the various spellings of [sh]. Thus, the sound [j] can be spelled <j>, <g>, <dg>, <dj>, and <d>.
Examples
| <j> | jumping |
| <g> | hygiene |
| <dg> | smudge |
| <dj> | adjust |
| <d> | gradual |
Review
- Underline the letters that spell [j] in the following words.
\begin{align*} &\text{gradual} && \text{schedule} && \text{procedure} && \text{educate}\\ &\text{pendulum} && \text{graduate} && \text{individual} && \text{arduous}\\ &\text{fraudulent} &&\text{residual} && \text{modulation} && \text{assiduous}\end{align*}
- What letter always follows the <d> in these words? _____.
- Underline the letters that spell [j] in the following three words.
\begin{align*} &\text{cordial} && \text{grandeur} && \text{soldier}\end{align*} - How does the setting in which <d> spells [j] in these three words differ from the setting in part 1 above?
- Sort the following words into the two groups defined below.
\begin{align*} &\text{graded} && \text{fraudulently} && \text{modulated} && \text{educated}\\ &\text{gradual} && \text{defrauded} && \text{proceeded} && \text{reduced}\\ &\text{pendulum} &&\text{resident} && \text{individual} && \text{arduous}\\ &\text{dependent} &&\text{residual} && \text{undivided} && \text{yardage}\end{align*}[j] [d] - Write the five different ways to spell [j] in the left-hand column below, and in the right-hand column write a word that contains each of the spellings.
Spellings of [j] Words that Contain the Spellings #1 #2 #3 #4 #5
- Show Answer
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\begin{align*} & gra\underline{d}ual && sche\underline{d}ule && proce\underline{d}ure && e\underline{d}ucate \\ & pen\underline{d}ulum && gra\underline{d}uate && indivi\underline{d}ual && ar\underline{d}uous \\ & frau\underline{d}ulent && resi\underline{d}ual && mo\underline{d}ulation && assi\underline{d}uous \end{align*}
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What letter always follows the <d> in these words? <u>.
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Underline the letters that spell [j] in the following three words.
\begin{align*} & cor\underline{d}ial && gran\underline{d}eur && sol\underline{d}ier \end{align*} -
How does the setting in which <d> spells [j] in these three words differ from the setting in part 1 above? These words have <i> or <eu> following the <d> while the words in Item 1 have <u> following the <d>.
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Words in which <d> spells ... [j] [d] gradual modulate graded individual pendulum individual dependent undivided fraudulently educated defrauded educated residual arduous resident reduced proceeded yardage -
Spellings of [j] Words that Contain the Spellings #1 <j> judge #2 <g> hygiene #3 <dg> fudge #4 <dj> adjective #5 <d> gradual
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